2026 考研英语易错题：气候变化对全球农业生产的影响辨析
阅读以下段落，回答问题：
Climate change has exerted a profound influence on global agricultural productivity, with consequences varying across regions. In temperate zones, longer growing seasons and elevated carbon dioxide levels have boosted crop yields for staples like wheat and barley. Conversely, tropical areas have witnessed more frequent droughts and extreme rainfall, leading to reduced harvests of rice and maize. Small-scale farmers, who lack access to advanced irrigation systems or drought-resistant seeds, are disproportionately affected. While some experts argue that technological innovations in precision agriculture can mitigate these impacts, others emphasize that systemic changes in policy and resource allocation are indispensable for long-term food security.
The phrase “disproportionately affected” in the passage is closest in meaning to:
A. Equally impacted
B. Severely harmed
C. Marginally influenced
D. Uniquely benefited
解析：
本题考查对短语在语境中含义的准确把握，需结合上下文逻辑进行推断。
- 前文提到气候变化对不同地区农业影响不同，温带地区产量提升，热带地区收成下降。随后聚焦小规模农民，指出他们 “缺乏先进灌溉系统或抗旱种子”。
- 从 “lack access to” 这一表述可看出，小规模农民在应对气候变化时处于劣势，由此可推断 “disproportionately affected” 强调他们受到的影响更为严重。选项 B “Severely harmed”（严重受损）符合此处语境。
- 干扰项 A（Equally impacted，同等影响）与前文 “consequences varying across regions” 及农民的劣势地位矛盾；C（Marginally influenced，轻微影响）程度过轻，不符合 “缺乏必要资源” 所暗示的严重后果；D（Uniquely benefited，独特受益）与文意完全相反。
答案：B