2026 考研英语易错题：气候变化与全球粮食安全的关联
阅读以下段落，回答问题：
Climate change poses a multifaceted threat to global food security, though its impacts are not uniformly distributed. Regions reliant on rain-fed agriculture, such as sub-Saharan Africa, face heightened risks of drought-induced crop failures. Conversely, some northern latitudes may experience extended growing seasons, potentially boosting yields of certain cereals. However, these localized benefits are overshadowed by systemic risks: rising ocean temperatures disrupt fisheries, extreme weather events destroy infrastructure, and shifting precipitation patterns alter soil fertility. The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization warns that without coordinated mitigation efforts, the number of undernourished people could increase by 122 million by 2050.
The phrase “these localized benefits” refers to:
A. Improved soil fertility in sub-Saharan Africa
B. Extended growing seasons in northern latitudes
C. Increased fisheries production due to ocean warming
D. Reduced extreme weather events in coastal regions
解析：
本题考查对指代关系的精准理解，核心在于定位上下文逻辑链。
- 前文先指出气候变化影响不均衡：撒哈拉以南非洲面临干旱风险（负面影响），紧接着以 “Conversely” 转折，说明部分北纬地区可能出现生长季延长（正面影响），并提及这可能提高某些谷物产量。
- “these localized benefits” 所在句通过 “However” 转折，强调这类益处被系统性风险掩盖，结合指代就近原则，“these” 必然指代前文提到的北纬地区的正面现象，即 “extended growing seasons”。
- 干扰项 A 与原文中撒哈拉以南非洲的干旱风险矛盾；C 中 “increased fisheries production” 与 “rising ocean temperatures disrupt fisheries” 相悖；D 中 “reduced extreme weather events” 未在文中提及，属于无中生有。
答案：B