2026 考研英语易错题：长难句逻辑关系辨析

阅读以下段落，回答问题：

While renewable energy sources such as solar and wind have gained traction in recent decades, their integration into existing power grids remains fraught with challenges. These include intermittent energy production, which necessitates advanced storage solutions, and the high upfront costs that deter many developing nations from transitioning away from fossil fuels.

The phrase “fraught with challenges” in the passage is closest in meaning to:
A. Free from obstacles
B. Filled with difficulties
C. Supported by evidence
D. Controlled by regulations

解析：
本题考查对固定短语在语境中含义的准确理解，需结合让步逻辑和上下文细节推断。

• 段落开篇用 “While” 引导让步关系，先肯定可再生能源的发展趋势（gained traction），随后转折强调其并网问题。后文列举 “intermittent energy production”（能源产出不稳定）和 “high upfront costs”（高额初始成本）作为具体例证。
• 从 “While” 的转折逻辑及后文具体问题的描述可推断，“fraught with challenges” 强调过程中存在大量困难。选项 B “Filled with difficulties”（充满困难）符合语境中对可再生能源并网问题的负面描述。
• 干扰项 A（Free from obstacles，毫无障碍）与转折逻辑完全矛盾；C（Supported by evidence，有证据支持）未体现短语的负面含义；D（Controlled by regulations，受法规约束）与文中列举的技术和成本问题无关，偏离上下文核心逻辑。

答案：B